This experiment was conducted at a private vineyard called El-Wafrah Farm on a desert road to the El-Minya Governorate, Samalout Centre, Egypt. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ultrasonic treatment (MAXGROW device 4 inches) on the salinization of underground wells in Minya, Egypt, by studying the effect of ultrasound on some physical and chemical properties of irrigation water, and following up on the impact of the treatment process on the chemical properties of the soil at intervals of the treatment process. The results were compared with those of soil irrigated with untreated water. Soil samples were collected from representative areas irrigated with two water sources (well water treated with ultrasound and untreated water). At El- Wafrah Farm, three soil profiles were dug to a depth of 90 cm, and soil samples were collected from successive depths (0–30, 30–60, and 60–90 cm). The effect of saline water treated by the system on soil properties was adverse compared to the non-treated water qualities used in the study. Concerning the impact of the ultrasonic device on soil chemical properties, the results indicated that soil salinity decreased after using the US device compared to normal groundwater. Soil salinity decreased from 1.50 dsm-1 to 0.9 dsm-1 after 45 days; besides, the pH values of the soil were reduced from 8.52 to 7.6 before and after ultrasonic treatment.

Hydrologists must have huge theoretical and practical knowledge of irrigation networks such as rivers, canals, streams, channels, and minors. Because whole irrigation system relies on a gauge and discharges relationship which is essential for controlling floods, water resource management, and hydrologic modeling. The true and consistent figures of flow rate in the irrigation system are important for irrigation water efficiency. Mostly, Hydrologic modeling activities like hydraulic structures, designs, and management of surplus water in canals are subjected to the flow of irrigation water which is derived from the rating curve (RC). The managing of irrigation water in the system must be essential for crop water requirements and estimation of seepage losses. Thus, to fulfill the objectives, field activities (discharge measurement) were conducted in Golarchi minor of the Left-bank area water board. The main target was to calculate real discharge at different gauge levels and to develop a rating curve and rating table for the accurate distribution of irrigation water in the command area. Hence, the discharge was measured with a current meter and the area velocity method was employed for flowing water. The discharge was taken at three different gauges i.e., 1.2ft, 1.34ft, and 1.55ft with the discharge of 51.921cusecs, 55.021cusecs, and 58.197cusecs. Then collected data was exported to MS Excel for manipulation and for developing rating curves. The power equation was developed for Golarchi minor for confirming the different discharges on different gauge heights. The results of the study calculated as 1.1ft gauge to 1.7ft gave discharge 50.383cusecs to 61.009cusecs. It is concluded that the present study suggested that there should have an automatic gauging station to know the real demand for irrigation water in the command area and di-siltation should be done.

Flood is one of the natural events in our environment. It destroys and displaces naturally existing structures found within the Hydrologic Response Units (HRUs). These include the Land Cover/Land use, Soil structure and the topography or the terrain. The method applied was the used of ArcSWAT to determine those flooded sub-basins by simply delineating the whole watershed into different sub-basin parameters. The result proves that what determines the flood influence was the area of the sub-basin that contained the HRUs not the HRUs itself. Once the sub-basin was inundated, the flooded streams within the sub-basins were calculated as flood impact. in this analysis 5 number of sub-basins were flooded in the watershed of Terengganu. Sub-basin number 3 has the highest flood impact with 14,699 hectares and sub-basin number 5 has the lowest total flood impact of 968.82 hectare.

Hazardous water contamination is a rising concern for the provision of usable and drinkable water to the world. Innovative, economic, and renewable technologies are the need of the hour for wastewater treatment. Several technologies have been reported to encourage wastewater treatment, such as ion exchange, co-precipitation, adsorption, membrane separation, oxidation, biochemical processes, etc. Among them, membrane separation technology has been considered a promising approach due to its short route and viable economics. Polymeric membrane-based technology comes with ease of functionalization, high sustainability, excellent adsorption, economic advantage, and environmental friendliness. That’s why, membrane processes were further developed to different separation mechanisms such as microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), and reverse osmosis (RO). Herein, we report a mini review of polymeric membrane-based separation technology for wastewater treatment. The short communication includes the need for water purification and their purification by membrane technology, especially polymeric derived membranes. Besides, the state-of-art membrane and its utilization for the removal of various water contaminants were discussed. The proposed review would be helpful to provide a single platform to study about the role of polymeric membrane.

Under the situation of acute water crises and the regular or occasional use of marginal to saline groundwater by the farming community to cultivate the crops, the research needs to be conducted on the use of marginal to saline groundwater based on the guidelines and strategies for the effective use be developed. In context of this, the experiment was conducted at the field research station of the laboratory of the Department of Land and Water Management (LWM) Faculty of Agricultural Engineering (FAE), Sindh Agriculture University (SAU) Tandojam during the year 2019. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with three treatments of varying water qualities with three replications were deployed. The treatments were: W1 = non-Saline water (canal water) E.C= 1.0 dS m-1, W2 = Saline water (groundwater) EC= 4 dS/m-1and W3= Saline water (groundwater) EC= 6 dS/m-1. Okra crop was grown on ridges. The results showed that the soil EC decreased 0.76 dS/m-1 under T1, and increased 0.83 and 1.33 dS/m-1 under T2 and T3, respectively. The soil pH decreased by 0.29, 0.43, and 0.44 under T1, T2, and T3. The soil Mg increased 21.57, 22.11, and 27.03; soil SAR increased 6.15, 7.82, and 8.91; and soil ESP increased 6.51, 8.61, and 10.33 under T1, T2, and T3, respectively. The soil Ca decreased 1.34 under T1 treatment; and increased 0.30 and 10.28 under T2 and T3, respectively. The maximum yield of 18500 kg ha-1 was found with T1 followed by 17391 kg ha-1 with T2 and the lowest yield of 16836 kg ha-1 was found with T3. The highest water productivity of 1.91 kg m-3 was found with T1 treatment followed by 1.79 kg m-3 with T2 treatment and the lowest water productivity of 1.73 kg m-3 was found with T3 treatment.